Analysis of 7 cases of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with DEK-NUP214 fusion gene / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, treatment regime, and outcome of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with DEK-NUP214 fusion gene. Methods: The clinical data, genetic and molecular results, treatment process and survival status of 7 cases of DEK-NUP214 fusion gene positive AML children admitted to the Pediatric Blood Diseases Center of Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from May 2015 to February 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: DEK-NUP214 fusion gene positive AML accounted for 1.02% (7/683) of pediatric AML diagnosed in the same period, with 4 males and 3 females. The age of disease onset was 8.2 (7.5, 9.5) years. The blast percentage in bone marrow was 0.275 (0.225, 0.480), and 6 cases were M5 by FAB classification. Pathological hematopoiesis was observed in all cases except for one whose bone marrow morphology was unknown. Three cases carried FLT3-ITD mutations, 4 cases carried NRAS mutations, and 2 cases carried KRAS mutations. After diagnosis, 4 cases received IAE induction regimen (idarubicin, cytarabine and etoposide), 1 case received MAE induction regimen (mitoxantrone, cytarabine and etoposide), 1 case received DAH induction regimen (daunorubicin, cytarabine and homoharringtonine) and 1 case received DAE induction regimen (daunorubicin, cytarabine and etoposide). Complete remission was achieved in 3 cases after one course of induction. Four cases who did not achieved complete remission received CAG (aclarubicin, cytarabine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), IAH (idarubicin, cytarabine and homoharringtonine), CAG combined with cladribine, and HAG (homoharringtonine, cytarabine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) combined with cladribine reinduction therapy, respectively, all 4 cases reached complete remission. Six patients received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after 1-2 sessions of intensive consolidation treatment, except that one case was lost to follow-up after complete remission. The time from diagnosis to HSCT was 143 (121, 174) days. Before HSCT, one case was positive for flow cytometry minimal residual disease and 3 cases were positive for DEK-NUP214 fusion gene. Three cases accepted haploid donors, 2 cases accepted unrelated cord blood donors, and 1 case accepted matched sibling donor. The follow-up time was 20.4 (12.9, 53.1) months, the overall survival and event free survival rates were all 100%. Conclusions: Pediatric AML with DEK-NUP214 fusion gene is a unique and rare subtype, often diagnosed in relatively older children. The disease is characterized with a low blast percentage in bone marrow, significant pathological hematopoiesis and a high mutation rate in FLT3-ITD and RAS genes. Low remission rate by chemotherapy only and very high recurrence rate indicate its high malignancy and poor prognosis. Early HSCT after the first complete remission can improve its prognosis.

Efficiency and safety analysis of Plerixafor combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in lymphoma / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the advantages and safety of Plerixafor in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization of lymphoma. Methods: Lymphoma patients who received autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization with Plerixafor in combination with G-CSF or G-CSF alone were obtained. The clinical data, the success rate of stem cell collection, hematopoietic reconstitution, and treatment-related adverse reactions between the two groups were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 184 lymphoma patients were included in this analysis, including 115 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (62.5%) , 16 cases of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (8.7%) , 11 cases of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (6.0%) , 10 cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (5.4%) , 6 cases of mantle cell lymphoma (3.3%) , and 6 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (3.3%) , 6 cases of NK/T-cell lymphoma (3.3%) , 4 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma (2.2%) , 8 cases of other types of B-cell lymphoma (4.3%) , and 2 cases of other types of T-cell lymphoma (1.1%) ; 31 patients had received radiotherapy (16.8%) . The patients in the two groups were recruited with Plerixafor in combination with G-CSF or G-CSF alone. The baseline clinical characteristics of the two groups were basically similar. The patients in the Plerixafor in combination with the G-CSF mobilization group were older, and the number of recurrences and third-line chemotherapy was higher. 100 patients were mobilized with G-CSF alone. The success rate of the collection was 74.0% for one day and 89.0% for two days. 84 patients in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF were recruited successfully with 85.7% for one day and 97.6% for two days. The success rate of mobilization in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was substantially higher than that in the group of G-CSF alone (P=0.023) . The median number of CD34(+) cells obtained in the mobilization group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was 3.9×10(6)/kg. The median number of CD34(+) cells obtained in the G-CSF Mobilization group alone was 3.2×10(6)/kg. The number of CD34(+) cells collected by Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was considerably higher than that in G-CSF alone (P=0.001) . The prevalent adverse reactions in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF were grade 1-2 gastrointestinal reactions (31.2%) and local skin redness (2.4%) . Conclusion: The success rate of autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in lymphoma patients treated with Plerixafor combined with G-CSF is significantly high. The success rate of collection and the absolute count of CD34(+) stem cells were substantially higher than those in the group treated with G-CSF alone. Even in older patients, second-line collection, recurrence, or multiple chemotherapies, the combined mobilization method also has a high success rate of mobilization.

Analysis of Agranulocytosis Time and Its Influencing Factors in Patients with Hematological Malignancies Treated with rhIL-11 combined rhG-CSF / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the intervention effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) and recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on the duration and severity of agranulocytosis in patients with hematological malignancies after chemotherapy, and to analyze the influencing factors.@*METHODS@#The data of hematological malignancy patients treated with rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF after chemotherapy in the hematology department of The First Hospital of Lanzhou University from July 2017 to July 2020 were collected retrospectively. The duration and differences of agranulocytosis in differeent groups were compared by univariate analysis, and the influencing factors of agranulocytosis duration were further analyzed by multiple regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#The duration of agranulocytosis in 97 patients was 6.47±2.93 days. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were no statistical differences in the duration of agranulocytosis among patients with different sex, age, height, weight, body surface area, body mass index (BMI), dose of rhG-CSF, dose of rhIL-11, spontaneous bleeding after administration of rhG-CSF and rhIL-11, and the duration of agranulocytosis in patients with different red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin(HGB) level, platelet count (PLT) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC), before administration of rhG-CSF and rhIL-11. There were significant differences in agranulocytosis time among patients with different disease types, chemotherapy cycle, fever after rhG-CSF and rhIL-11 administration, and different white blood cell count (WBC) baseline level before rhG-CSF and rhIL-11 administration (P＜0.05). Compared with patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) had the longest duration of agranulocytosis, which was 7.07±3.05 d. Compared with patients with chemotherapy cycles of 4－6 and ≥7, patients with total chemotherapy cycle of 1－3 had the shortest duration of agranulocytosis, which was 5.25±2.48 d. Compared with patients without fever, patients with fever within 1 day after administration of cytokines and patients with fever within 2-5 days after administration of cytokines, the duration of agranulocytosis was the longest in patients with fever 6 days after administration of cytokines, which was 8.85±2.85 d. Compared with patients with WBC baseline <1.0×109/L, (1.0－1.9)×109/L and (2.0－3.9)×109/L, patients with WBC baseline ≥4.0×109/L had the shortest duration of agranulocytosis, which was 4.50±2.56 d. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that chemotherapy cycle, different fever after administration of rhG-CSF and rhIL-11, diagnosis of ALL and NHL, and WBC baseline level before administration of rhG-CSF and rhIL-11 were the influencing factors of the duration of agranulocytosis (P＜0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The risk of prolonged agranulocytosis is higher in patients diagnosed with AML, with more chemotherapy cycles, lower WBC baseline before cytokines administration and fever later after cytokines administration, which should be paid more attention to.

Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Prognosis and Treatment Strategies in Patients with Hematological Malignancy--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide since outbreak in December 2019, and become a global public health crisis. Patients with hematological malignancy concurrently infected with COVID-19 are often associated with severe even fatal complications, due to low basic immune function, high intensity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and slow immune reconstruction post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and their treatment strategies, such as anti-infective therapy, blood transfusion, and the use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor need to be adjusted. The characteristics of patients, chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and other clinical factors may affect the prognosis of patients with hematological malignancy concurrently infected with COVID-19. Herein, the latest research progress is reviewed.

The Effects of Decitabine Combined with All-Trans Retinoic Acid on the Number of Immune Cells in Myeloid Neoplasms / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of decitabine (DEC) combined with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the number of immune cells, efficacy and adverse reactions in the treatment of myeloid neoplasms patients.@*METHODS@#Eighty-four patients with myeloid tumors, including AML, MDS-EB-1 or MDS-EB-2 treated by the regimen containing decitabine in our hospital from January 2009 to October 2019 were enrolled and retrospectively analyzed, among the patients, 21 patients treated with DEC alone, 24 patients treated with DEC combined with ATRA (DEC/ATRA) and 39 patients treated with DEC combined with G-CSF priming regimen (DEC/priming). The changes of peripheral blood immune cell levels before and after treatment of the patients between the three groups were compared, and the differences in clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the patients between the three groups were also compared.@*RESULTS@#There was no statistical differences in the number of immune cells among the patients in the three groups before treatment (P>0.05). NK cell levels decreased significantly in the patients in DEC and DEC/ATRA group after treatment (P<0.05); After treatment, the levels of CD8+ and CD3+T cells in the patients treated by DEC /priming regimen significantly increased (P<0.05), while the levels of CD3-HLA-DR+ B cells significantly decreased (P<0.05). The overall response rate (ORR) of the patients in DEC/ATRA group (75%) and DEC/priming group (74.36%) was significantly higher than 42.86% in DEC monotherapy group, and the differences showed statistically significant (P<0.05), while the ORR between the patients in DEC/ATRA and DEC/priming group showed no statistic differences (P>0.05). There were no statistical differences in overall survival (OS) and incidence of bleeding between the patients in the three groups (P>0.05). The incidences of grade 3 to 4 bone marrow suppression and the infection rate of the patients in DEC monotherapy and DEC/ATRA group were significantly lower than that in DEC/priming regimen group after treatment (all P<0.05), however, there was no statistical difference between DEC monotherapy and the DEC/ATRA group.@*CONCLUSION@#The efficacy of DEC/ATRA on myeloid neoplasms is comparable to that of DEC/priming regimen, and the anti-myeloid tumor effect of DEC/ATRA regimen may be related to the regulation of NK cells and T cells.

CLAG Regimen Composed of Continuous Intravenous Infusion of Cladribine in the Treatment of Refractory/Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the efficacy and safety of continuous intravenous infusion of 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) combined with high-dose cytarabine (Ara-C) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (CLAG regiem) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML).@*METHODS@#Fifteen patients with refractory/relapsed AML hospitalized in 5 medical units such as Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University and received one course of CLAG regimen from June 2014 to August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively (specifically: cladribine 5 mg/M@*RESULTS@#Among the 15 patients with refractory/relapsed AML, 9 males and 6 females, the median age was 35 (13-63) years old. FAB classification: 1 case of M@*CONCLUSION@#The CLAG regimen consisting of continuous intravenous infusion of cladribine shows high CR in the treatment of AML patients, but the duration of CR is short, myelosuppression is sever, so that infection control is the key. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation should be performed as soon as possible after CR.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective control trial / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics, clinical effect, and safety of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).@*METHODS@#A prospective study was performed on children with ALL who cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, and 6-mercaptopurine were used for consolidation therapy. PEG-rhG-CSF (PEG-rhG-CSF group) or rhG-CSF (rhG-CSF group) was injected after chemotherapy. The plasma concentration of PEG-rhG-CSF was measured, and clinical outcome and safety were observed for both groups.@*RESULTS@#A total of 17 children with ALL were enrolled, with 9 children in the PEG-rhG-CSF group and 8 children in the rhG-CSF group. In the PEG-rhG-CSF group, the peak concentration of PEG-rhG-CSF was 348.2 ng/mL (range 114.7-552.0 ng/mL), the time to peak was 48 hours (range 12-72 hours), and the half life was 14.1 hours (range 11.1-18.1 hours). The plasma concentration curve of PEG-rhG-CSF was consistent with the mechanism of neutrophil-mediated clearance. Compared with the rhG-CSF group, the PEG-rhG-CSF group had a significantly shorter median time to absolute neutrophil count (ANC) recovery (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The pharmacokinetic characteristics of PEG-rhG-CSF in children with ALL receiving consolidation chemotherapy are consistent with the mechanism of neutrophil-mediated clearance, with a short half life and fast recovery of ANC, and there are no significant differences in safety between PEG-rhG-CSF and rhG-CSF.

A Case of Therapy-Related Acute Leukemia With Mixed Phenotype With BCR-ABL1 After Treatment of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

No abstract available.

A intervenção educativa do enfermeiro no uso domiciliar do fator estimulador de colônias granulocítica (G-CSF): relato de experiência / The educational intervention of nurses in home use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G - CSF): experience report

Relatar a experiência oriunda da vivência de uma enfermeira assistencial, desenvolvidas no setor de quimioterapia infantil com os familiares de crianças em tratamento quimioterápico no âmbito ambulatorial e que fazem uso do G-CSF em domicilio. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, realizado no serviço de quimioterapia infantil de um hospital público de referência no atendimento oncológico e de ensino e pesquisa do RJ Alicerçou-se na vivência de acompanhar os familiares de criança em tratamento quimioterápico que cursam com neutropenia pós-quimioterapia e necessitam do G-CSF, e busca promover o acolhimento deste familiar através da educação a partir da compreensão do sofrimento vivenciado pelo familiar da criança com câncer no processo do cuidado em domicilio. CONCLUSÃO: o enfermeiro que assiste á criança em tratamento oncológico deve ser capacitado, ter sensibilidade e compreender que a sua assistência é estendida a este familiar mediante as suas necessidades de acolhimento durante as diversas fases do tratamento da criança...

To report the experience comes from the experience of an assistant nurse, developed in the sector of chemotherapy playground with family members of children in chemotherapeutic treatment under ambulatory and who make use of the G-CSF in their formative years. Method: Descriptive study experience report, accomplished in the service of chemotherapy playground of a public hospital of reference in Oncological care and of teaching and research of RJ. Supported in the experience of accompany family of a child in chemotherapeutic treatment coursing with neutropenia post-chemotherapy and need of G-CSF, and seeks to promote the acceptance of this family through education from the understanding of the suffering experienced by the family of the child with cancer in the process of care in the home. Conclusion: the nurse who assists will be child in oncologic treatment must be trained, have sensitivity and understand that its assistance is extended to this family through their host needs during the various stages of the treatment of the child...

Presentar la experiencia derivada de una enfermera clínica, desarrollada en el sector de la quimioterapia infancia con las familias de los niños que reciben quimioterapia en forma ambulatoria y hacer uso de G-CSF en domicilio. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, informe de la experiencia, que se celebró en el servicio de la quimioterapia de los nines de un hospital público de referencia en el tratamiento del cáncer y de la ensenanza y la investigación de RJ Sus fundamentos en la experiencia de acompanar a la familia del niño en concomitante quimioterapia, con neutropenia después de la quimioterapia y la necesidad de que el G-CSF, y busca promover la acogida de esta família a través de la educación a partir de la comprensión del sufrimiento experimentado por la familia del niño con proceso de atención del cáncer en el hogar. CONCLUSION: La enfermera que ayude aios nines en el tratamiento del cáncer debe ser calificado, ser sensibles y entienden que su asistencia se extiende a esta familia a través de sus necesidades de alojamiento durante las diversas etapas del tratamiento del niño...

Marrow hypoplasia: a rare complication of untreated Grave’s disease / Hipoplasia de medula óssea: uma rara complicação da doença de Graves não tratada

Atypical presentation forms of hyperthyroidism are always a challenge to the clinician. We present a female patient with the typical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, without any thionamides treatment before, associated with pancytopenia, which recovered after euthyroidism state was achieved. Although the major cases of pancytopenia in Grave’s disease are seen as a complication of antithyroid drugs (thioamides), in this case report the alteration in blood tests was associated with untreated hyperthyroidism. In the literature review, we found 19 case reports between 1981 to 2012, but it has been related to a hypercellular bone marrow with periferic destruction. Our case, however, is about a hypocellular bone marrow without fibrosis or fat tissue replacement, which proceeded with a periferic improvement following thyroid treatment. Although rare, pancytopenia, when present, may develop as an unusual and severe manifestation in untreated subjects.

Formas atípicas de apresentação do hipertireoidismo são sempre um desafio para o clínico. Apresentamos uma paciente do sexo feminino, com sintomas típicos de tireotoxicose associado a um quadro de pancitopenia sem nenhum tratamento prévio com tionamidas. A melhora da alteração hematológica ocorreu após recuperação do eutireoidismo. Embora a maioria dos casos de pancitopenia na doença de Graves seja uma complicação das drogas antitireoidianas (tionamidas), neste caso a alteração hematológica foi associada ao quadro de hipertireoidismo não tratado. Após uma revisão na literatura, encontramos 19 relatos de caso descritos no período de 1981 a 2012, nos quais o quadro de pancitopenia estava relacionado à hipercelularidade medular com destruição periférica das células sanguíneas. Nosso caso, entretanto, trata-se de uma pancitopenia com medula óssea hipocelular, sem infiltração por tecido adiposo ou fibrose, que evoluiu com melhora dos elementos do sangue periférico após tratamento do hipertireoidismo. Embora rara, a pancitopenia, quando presente, pode se manifestar como uma severa manifestação se não tratada a condição desencadeadora.

Sangramiento digestivo asociado al tratamiento con filgrastim: efecto secundario infrecuente / Digestive bleeding associated to treatment with filgrastin: infrequent adverse side effect

El factor estimulante de colonias granulocíticas (FEC-G), Filgrastim, es utilizado cada día con mayor frecuencia como agente movilizador para la obtención de concentrado de células progenitoras de sangre periférica. Generalmente, la movilización con FEC-G es bien tolerada aunque se ha reportado un amplio espectro de reacciones adversas asociadas a su uso, que incluyen: cefalea, poliartralgia y mialgia entre las más comunes. Ocasionalmente se han comunicado epistaxis y hemorragia retiniana. Los fenómenos tromboembólicos, el distrés respiratorio, la ruptura esplénica, la hemorragia intracraneal son algunos de los efectos secundarios rara vez comunicados. Las manifestaciones digestivas como náuseas y vómitos son frecuentes, no así los sangramientos del tracto digestivo...

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor decreases the extent of ovarian damage caused by cisplatin in an experimental rat model / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) can decrease the extent of ovarian follicle loss caused by cisplatin treatment. METHODS: Twenty-one adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Fourteen rats were administered 2 mg/kg/day cisplatin by intraperitoneal injection twice per week for five weeks (total of 20 mg/kg). Half of the rats (n=7) were treated with 1 mL/kg/day physiological saline, and the other half (n=7) were treated with 100 microg/kg/day G-CSF. The remaining rats (n=7, control group) received no therapy. The animals were then euthanized, and both ovaries were obtained from all animals, fixed in 10% formalin, and stored at 4degrees C for paraffin sectioning. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and stored at -30degrees C for hormone assays. RESULTS: All follicle counts (primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary) and serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels were significantly increased in the cisplatin+G-CSF group compared to the cisplatin+physiological saline group. CONCLUSION: G-CSF was beneficial in decreasing the severity of follicle loss in an experimental rat model of cisplatin chemotherapy.

Different Clinical Phenotypes in Familial Severe Congenital Neutropenia Cases with Same Mutation of the ELANE Gene

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a heterogeneous group of disorders with a defect in granulopoiesis causing marked neutropenia and severe bacterial infections. A 17-month-old girl (patient 1) was admitted due to cervical lymphadenitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with neutropenia. She had Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis and peritonitis with perforated appendicitis at 8-month of age. Her sister, a 37-month-old girl (patient 2), had recurrent stomatitis with profound neutropenia, and her mother, a 32-yr-old woman (patient 3), had had recurrent stomatitis until her early 20s with neutropenia. We found an ELANE gene mutation (c.597+1G > A) from them in direct DNA sequencing analysis. Patients 1 and 2 did not respond to granulocyte colony stimulating factor and patient 1 was treated with prolonged antibiotics and excision. We demonstrated inherited SCN cases showing different severity even with the same mutation of the ELANE gene in a family.

Optimal Time to Start Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collection in Children with High-Risk Solid Tumors

In order to clarify the optimal timing for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection, PBSC collection records of 323 children who were scheduled to undergo autologous stem cell transplantation from two study periods differing in the timing of PBSC collection were analyzed. In the early study period (March 1998 to August 2007, n=198), PBSC collection was initiated when the peripheral WBC count exceeded 1,000/microL during recovery from chemotherapy. Findings in this study period indicated that initiation of PBSC collection at a higher WBC count might result in a greater CD34+ cell yield. Therefore, during the late study period (September 2007 to December 2012, n=125), PBSC collection was initiated when the WBC count exceeded 4,000/microL. Results in the late study period validated our conclusion from the early study period. Collection of a higher number of CD34+ cells was associated with a faster hematologic recovery after transplant in the late study period. Initiation of PBSC collection at WBC count > 4,000/microL was an independent factor for a greater CD34+ cell yield. In conclusion, PBSC collection at a higher WBC count is associated with a greater CD34+ cell yield, and consequently a faster hematologic recovery after transplant.

Comparación de la actividad de 2 factores estimuladores de colonias de granulocitos de producción nacional: Hebervital y Leukocim / Comparison of the activity of 2 domestic- production factors for granulocyte colonies: Hebervital and Leukocim

En 35 pacientes que debían recibir terapia celular regenerativa se evaluó el efecto estimulante de 2 factores estimuladores de colonias de granulocitos de producción cubana: Hebervital y Leukocim, para la movilización de células madre hematopoyéticas hacia la sangre periférica. Los pacientes se seleccionaron de forma aleatoria en 2 grupos de tratamiento y se les suministró por vía subcutánea una dosis total de 40 mg/kg distribuidos en 4 subdosis de 10 mg/kg administrados cada 12 horas. Se realizó el conteo de las células mononucleares y células CD34+ en sangre periférica mediante citometría de flujo, antes y después de la estimulación. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los conteos de las células CD34+ obtenidas posestimulación con el Hebervital y el Leukocim

In 35 patients who should have received regenerative cell therapy, it was evaluated the effect of 2 domestic production granulocyte colony stimulating factors: Leukocim and Hebervital for the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood. Patients were randomly selected into 2 treatment groups and were given a total dose of 40 mg/kg in 4 sub-doses of 10 mg/kg subcutaneously administered every 12 hours. Count was performed for mononuclear cells and CD34+ cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry before and after stimulation. There were no statistically significant differences in the counts of CD34+ cells obtained after stimulation with Hebervital and Leukocim

improvement of myocardial function by granulocyte colony stimulating factor following acute anterior myocardial infarction: a double blind placebo controlled study

In patients with acute myocardial infarction [AMI], reperfusion of the occluded infarct-related artery significantly improves acute and late clinical outcome. There is increasing evidence that transplantation of autologous stem cells improves cardiac function after AMI. For propagation of peripheral blood stem cells, application of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor [G-CSF] has been shown to be feasible, effective, and safe. Ten patients in the treatment group and 10 patients in the control group were enrolled in this prospective, randomized controlled and double blind study. Two weeks after myocardial infarction that was followed by successful recanalization and stent implantation, the patients of the treatment group received 10 micro g/kg body weight per day [divided BID] G-CSF subcutaneously for a maximum duration of 5.0 days. In both groups, ejection fraction was evaluated with echocardiography and cardiac perfusion scans 10 days and 6 months after myocardial infarction. The Tei index was measured by echocardiography. No severe side effects of G-CSF treatment were observed. There was no significant improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction when the G-CSF treated group was compared to the control group [P=0.821 for cardiac scan and P=0.705 for echocardiography]. Changes in Tei index was not significant in the treatment group [P=0.815]; however, it was significantly deteriorated in the control group [P=0.005]. In patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction, treatment with G-CSF, is feasible and safe and seems to be effective in improving global cardiac function without affecting the ejection fraction under clinical conditions

Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Attenuates Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury by Down-Modulating Inflammatory Responses in Neonatal Rats

PURPOSE: Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been known to increase neutrophil production and have anti-inflammatory properties, but the effect of G-CSF on pulmonary system is in controversy. We investigated whether G-CSF treatment could attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury, and whether this protective effect is mediated by the down-modulation of inflammatory responses in a neonatal rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats (Orient Co., Seoul, Korea) were subjected to 14 days of hyperoxia (90% oxygen) beginning within 10 h after birth. G-CSF (20 microg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on the fourth, fifth, and sixth postnatal days. RESULTS: This treatment significantly improved hyperoxia-induced reduction in body weight gain and lung pathology such as increased mean linear intercept, mean alveolar volume, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling positive cells. Hyperoxia-induced activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, which is responsible for superoxide anion production, as evidenced by upregulation and membrane translocation of p67phox was significantly attenuated after G-CSF treatment, as were inflammatory responses such as increased myeloperoxidase activity and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta. However, the attenuation of other proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 was not significant. CONCLUSION: In sum, G-CSF treatment significantly attenuated hyperoxia-induced lung injury by down-modulating the inflammatory responses in neonatal rats.

Use of antimicrobial agents and granulocyte colony stimulating factors for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients in a tertiary care hospital in India.

Background: Use of antimicrobials (AM) and granulocyte colony stimulating factors (G-CSF) affect the outcome and cost of treatment of febrile neutropenia (FN). There are no studies describing the AM utilization pattern or the use of G-CSF and cost incurred on them in cancer patients with FN from India. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted in a tertiary care, teaching hospital in New Delhi, India, with the objectives of describing the utilization pattern of AM and G-CSF in cancer patients with FN. The efficacy and costs of AM and G-CSF prescribed were also assessed. Results: A total of 211 patients with FN were enrolled in the study. A majority of 207 (98.1%) were in the low-risk category. The average number of AM used per patient was 2.45 ± 0.02 and the AM exposure density was 1.19. All patients were administered five different combinations of AM regimens and G-CSF, irrespective of the risk category. No difference in the time to defervesence or in the recovery of ANC counts were observed with the different AM regimens. The average drug cost per febrile neutropenia episode (FNE) was Rs 4694.45 ± 296.35 (113.95 ± 7.19$). G-CSF accounted for 76.14 - 97.58% of the total costs. Conclusion: Large variations in the pattern of AM prescribed with routine use of G-CSF, irrespective of the risk status, was observed. Guidelines for the rational and cost-effective use of AM and G-CSF in patients with FN needed to be prepared. This was especially important as treatment was given free of cost to all patients admitted in the government health facility.